The defect forms when oppositely charged ions leave their lattice sites, creating vacancies. These vacancies are formed in stoichiometric units, to maintain an overall neutral charge in the ionic solid. The vacancies are then free to move about as their own entities. Normally these defects will lead to a decrease in the density of the crystal.
You think probable to a dislocation.
No, it is not correct.
there are vanderwaals forces between the moleculs and a solid surface.
The interparticle distance is greater in a gas than in a liquid, and greater in a liquid than in a solid.
any increase in temperature will cause gas to occupy a larger volume, any decrease will shrink the volume to a point it becomes liquid. further decrease will cause a solid to form. at -273 degrees celsius everything is solid
You think probable to a dislocation.
Schottky was the physicist who predicted the Schottky effect. The effect was first exploited in the electron guns that were used much the most often in the old television tubes. Schottky predicted that electrons would find it easier to 'escape' the negatively charged cathode of one of these tubes. A Schottky solid-state diode exploits this effect at a metal to semiconductor junction. In contrast a semiconductor to semiconductor junction involves minority carriers as well, which tend to collect at the junction. Because no charge collects at the junction of the Schottky device it tends to be faster. However, it uses more power. Low power Schottky devices were developed to show greater resistance to the circuit to reduce their power consumptions. Subsequent higher resistance (and lower power) devices have since been developed. Please see the link.
Increase
No, it is not correct.
cool it down or decrease the pressure
no
The mass remains the same.
temperature
decrease the temperature
This is a question for a vet. Cleft palates are a genetic defect and don't go away
You increase the surface area
the solid must reach its melting point which varies with every substance