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Yes, they do, to a limited extent.
Radiation budget is Earth's atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere has more solar energy than it radiates back to space.
Thermal IR radiation.
The Solar System object with the highest albedo is Europa with a reflectivity of 0.64. Earth by comparison is 0.367. Europe is smooth and covered in fresh (clean) ice. So smooth and white would reflect the most.
The atmosphere is heated chiefly by radiation from Earth's surface rather than by direct solar radiation because about 50 percent of the solar energy is absorbed at Earth's surface. 30 percent is reflected back to space. 20 percent is absorbed by clouds and the atmosphere's gases.
Yes, about 30% of it goes back.
Yes, they do, to a limited extent.
Such reflection is called the albedo. For the earth it is 30 - 35%
no
Radiation budget is Earth's atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere has more solar energy than it radiates back to space.
Greenhouse gases.
Thermal IR radiation.
Part of the radiation is immediately radiated back into space. The remainder is absorbed; most of what is absorbed will be radiated back into space soon (as the materials heat up, they radiate out more infrared radiation).
Albedo.
Clouds can reflect some light back to space depending on the water content in the clouds. The water causes a prism which reflects light back into space.
"into space" Yes.
when earth absorbs the heat coming from the sunthere is too much moisture in the air3.when the clouds reflect the heat back to the space