You plug in your headphones and turn up their volume as well as your speakers volume.
lower the volume or plug in some headphones
There is an audio-out plug next to the USB plugs. Headphones and in-ear headphones can be plugged in there. Volume can be controlled by the Mac volume control, or if present, volume control on the headphone wire. Be sure volume is not too loud when headphones or in-ear headphones are used. Excessive volume can damage hearing ability.
Plug it into iTunes!?
It could just be your headphones. Get a new pair of headphones, and plug them in. Or, you go to volume lock on the old iPods, and set it to loud.
You have holes - sockets - at the side or at the front of your laptop and you simply plug the headphones in where there is a picture of some headphones. Theres no neeed to install them, well you cant, you just plug them in and most of the time the socket you need to plug it into is the green one. Then you can listen and unless the volume is down, pretty much all headphones are compatible with everything!
Yes
in the plug in the plug in the plug
On the side of front of the laptop will be a plug and headphones will fit on the plug hole.
Yes, you can plug headphones into an amp to listen privately.
no
It is not ideal to plug headphones into the "to amp" output but it will work and nothing bad will happen. Many preamps are available with dedicated headphone outputs along with an appropriate volume control.