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What is mat foundation?
"The mat (or raft) foundation can be considered a large footing extending over a great area, frequently an entire building. All vertical structural loadings from columns and alls are supported on the common foundation. Typically, the mat is utilized for conditions where a preliminary design indicates that individual columns or footings would be undesirably close together or try to overlap. The mat is frequently utilitzed as a method to reduce or distribute building loads in order to reduce differential settlement between adjacent areas. To function properly, the mat structure will be more rigid and thicker than individual spread footing." A mat foundation is typically used when there are poor and weak soil conditions. (McCarthy, 2007)
Difference between deep and shallow foundation?
Shallow foundation: A type of foundation that is used when the earth directly beneath a structure has sufficient bearing capacity to sustain the loads from the structure Deep foundation: A type of foundation that is used when the soil near the ground surface is weak. 1. Light, flexible structure: older residential construction, residential construction which include a basement, and in many commercial structures, 2. Nice soil condition: hard, uniform soil. 3. Cheaper than deep foundation 4. Easier construction 5. Typically types: spreading footing foundation, slab-on-grade foundation, pad foundation, strip foundation, and raft foundation. Spreading footing foundation: controlled by several factors: lateral and vertical capacity, penetration through near surface layers likely to change volume due to frost heave or shrink-swell. Mat-slab foundation: the distribution of loads in a mat slab helps reduce differential settlement due to the non-uniform building loads 1. Heavy, rigid structure: other uncommon building, such as large bridge, tower, and the Empire State Building. 2. Poor soil condition: liquefaction, soft clay and sands. 3. Typically more expansive 4. More complex to construct and more time than shallow foundation. 5. Typically types: battered piles, bearing piles, caissons, and friction piles. Friction piles: Friction piles obtain a greater part of their carrying capacity by skin friction or adhesion. This tends to occur when piles do not reach an impenetrable stratum but are driven for some distance into a penetrable soil. Their carrying capacity is derived partly from end bearing and partly from skin friction between the embedded surface of the soil and the surrounding soil. End bearing piles: End bearing piles are those which terminate in hard, relatively impenetrable material such as rock or very dense sand and gravel. They derive most of their carrying capacity from the resistance of the stratum at the toe of the pile.
What is jet grouting?
Jet grouting is a type of ground improvement technique used to solidify and/or improve the bearing capacity of weak, unstable, or liquefiable soils. Jet grouting is performed by injecting a cement or lime-ash slurry into the subsoil using a drilling rig. As the grout column expands and solidifies the subsoil is consolidated and stabilized. This method of soil improvement allows foundation and structural construction in locations where previous geotechnical or seismic conditions deterred development..
What are the disadvantages of fly ash bricks over fire clay bricks?
fly ash brick have light weight over the clay brick... but the mechanical bonding strength is weak but this can be rectified by adding marble waste....this s one of the disadvn
Why is concrete weak in tension?
Concrete is strong in compression, as the aggregate efficiently carries the compression load. However, it is weak in tension as the cement holding the aggregate in place can crack, allowing the structure to fail. Reinforced concrete solves these problems by adding metal reinforcing bars, glass fiber, or plastic fiber to carry tensile loads
Do buildings and homes cave in during a tornado?
Yes. Buildings and homes can collapse in a tornado. One common way this happens is the roof comes off, causing the walls to become unstable. Depending on the strength of the structure this would take and EF2 or EF3 tornado for partial collapse, and likely an EF4 for complete collapse. In an extremely powerful tornado such as a high EF4 or EF5 houses are blown away rather than collapse. Weak tornadoes usually do not cause significant structural damage.
What are causes of building collapse during an earthquake?
The passage of time is one reason. Buildings also collapse due to weak foundations. Earthquakes, tropical cyclones, and other natural disasters can also damage the structure of the building and cause it to collapse. Bombings or demolition of buildings are also other reasons.
How is dynamite used to implode buildings?
central supports are blown up causing weak points near the inside of the building. This destabilization causes the building to (hopefully) collapse on itself.
If your bones get weak do you get shorter?
You can get shorter as a result of weak bones if the vertebrae in the spine collapse.
How can you use the word collapse in a sentence?
Mine shafts are often weak and can collapse. After working for 48 hours without a break, he was about to collapse.
What of these was a cause of the great depression?
The boom of the 1920's rested on a weak foundation since the prosperity was not enjoyed by all economic groups.
Do tornadoes cause damage because they cause homes and buildings to cave in?
Tornadoes can cause houses and other buildings to collapse, but most are not strong enough to do that. A typical tornado can tear away parts of roofs, break windows, and topple trees. Entire roofs and walls can go airborne in stronger tornadoes. Weak structures impacted by strong tornadoes often get blown away rather than collapsing. In very violent tornadoes the same thing can happen to well constructed houses.
Why does polluted rain erodes limestones buildings?
Industrial air pollution is thought to form a weak acid with rain. Even such a weak acid is able to erode limestone buildings.
What do tornadoes do to towns?
The degree of impact from tornadoes varies considerably. A weak tornado may cause minor damage to buildings, down trees, and cause power outages. In the worst cases tornadoes have been known to destroy entire towns, leaving only a handful of buildings standing, if any.
How does acid rain affect buildings?
it makes them weak and they break apart
Why did the building fall?
the building fell because it had a weak foundation so it collapsed
What could be the cause of the tip of the cat's ear to collapse?
well its simple and nothing to wiry about wen there kittens they will play Rolf so wen they play there making it weak and that's it you cant fix it but you don't have to wiry about
