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Short answer: Jupiter isn't big enough to shine like the Sun.

Although the Sun and Jupiter are made of the same stuff (mostly hydrogen and helium) the sun is 1,000 times heavier. Its gravity is so enormous that it compresses and heats the gas at its core to the point that nuclear fusion occurs. It "burns" hydrogen into helium, producing an enormous amount of power that heats the entire surface to about 6,000 Kelvin, hot enough to glow yellow-white and illuminate the solar system (and sustain life on Earth).

While Jupiter is 318 times heavier than Earth, it would still have to be about 50 times heavier to start fusion in its core. So it's much colder than the sun (the cloud tops are 30 deg C colder than dry ice) and Jupiter shines only by reflected sunlight.

Not enough mass to create enough compression heating to produce the needed temperature and pressure for thermonuclear fusion ignition.

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Q: Why don't gas giants light up the night sky like the sun considering they are made up of the same elements?
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