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Unlike the other allotropes of carbon (such as diamond), in graphite, each carbon atom forms 3 strong bonds (rather than 4) with its neighbours. These form in layers of hexagons.

Between each layer of hexagons, there are delocalised electrons, that form a weak bond with the next layer. This weakness is responsible for the use of graphite as a lubricant or in pencils (where one layer of graphite can easily slide over another).

The delocalised electrons are also able to carry an electrical charge, because they can move freely.

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