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Because of certain factors that occurred in post-soviet countries, especially in CIS countries (Commonwealth of Independent States). The same situation took place in CEE countries (Central Eastern Europe) but people in Poland, Czech or Slovakia don't tend to show-off with their wealth as Russians do, especially in their homelands.
Two of the most common factors that allowed Russians to accumulate such a huge wealth in just two decades are as follows:
1. Corruption. In Russia you won't make any business without a bribe. In Russia and other post-soviet countries bribe is some form of a "habit". From the teacher in primary school up to the local mayor. The best example of this would be a wife of a former Moscow's mayor Yury Luzkov - Yelena Baturina. She became quickly the wealthiest women in Russia after Luzkov was elected in 1992. Imagine you're wining almost every major public tender. It isn't hard to become rich in such a favorable environment. Probably the best example of the situation is the case of Hermitage Capital Management. See the movie on YouTube in the related link for further details.
2. Privatization. Imagine, that during 90's people around Yeltsin were buying state owned companies for a small percentage of their market value. In fact, it was hard to determine market value, because there simply wasn't any in terms of Stock Market etc. So people like Abramovich or Khodorkovsky could become owners of the largest Russian companies "for free"...
I don't say Russia is some horrible country to live in. I spent over 3 years there. It is a beautiful country. The history, nature, cities like Saint Petersburg, Moscow and attitude of many people that I have met. I love it! But the abyss between the rich and poor is just sad… One second you see a person that's begging you for money on the street or you see a 6 y.o. homeless kids on the Leningradsky Metro Station that are playing without shoes on their feet and a second later you turn your head because you hear the engine sound of a 1 million dollar Bugati Veyron owned by a kid in his early twenties.
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