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This is incorrect. DRAM is a digital device, and so is SRAM.
DRAM and SRAM serve the same functions- temporary storage space (or random access memory, hence 'RAM') in different ways.
DRAM data is typically refreshed every so often, uses more power than SRAM and is much slower, but also much cheaper and easier to manufacture in huge sizes.
SRAM, such as the cache on CPUs, is much smaller and faster, and stores data until it is cleared or the computer is turned off (and in some cases, even without power) but is extremely expensive.
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List the advantages of dynamic RAM compared with static RAM?
Static RAM and dynamic RAM are two available types of computer RAM, or Random Access Memory. One advantage of static RAM is speed, while a disadvantage is cost. An advantage of dynamic RAM is storage space, while a disadvantage would be speed.
How fpga used in space?
SRAM based FPGAs cant be used for space application But we can go for Radiation tollerant Anti fuse FPGA.
Definition of memory and its types?
Memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs (sequences of instructions) or data (e.g. program state information) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. Computer Memory is two types as Primary Memory and Secondary Memory at the base of uses. The term primary memory is used for the information in physical systems which function at high-speed (i.e. RAM), as a distinction from secondary memory, which are physical devices for program and data storage which are slow to access but offer higher memory capacity. When data of Primary Memory stored on secondary memory is called "virtual memory".Primary MemoryThe term "memory" is often (but not always) associated with addressable semiconductor memory, i.e. integrated circuits consisting of silicon-based transistors and used as primary memory. Primary storage (or main memory or internal memory), often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as required. Any data actively operated on is also stored there in uniform manner. RAM used for primary storage is also volatile, i.e. they lose the information when not powered). Cash Memory is also a super fast then RAM and it working for only processor.There are two main types of semiconductor memory: volatile and non-volatile.Examples of non-volatile memory are flash memory (sometimes used as secondary, sometimes primary computer memory) and ROM/PROM/EPROM/EEPROM memory (used for firmware such as boot programs). Examples of volatile memory are primary memory (typically dynamic RAM, DRAM), and fast CPU cache memory (typically static RAM, SRAM, which is fast but energy-consuming and offer lower memory capacity per area unit than DRAM).Secondary MemoryThe term "storage" is often (but not always) used in separate computers of traditional secondary memory such as tape, magnetic disks and optical discs (CD-ROM and DVD-ROM). Secondary storage (also known as external memory or auxiliary storage), differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down-it is non-volatile. Hard disk, CD and DVD drives are usually used as secondary storage. Some other examples of secondary storage technologies are: flash memory (e.g. USB flash drives or keys), floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punched cards, standalone RAM disks, and Iomega Zip drives.
Most important innovations in the last 50 years?
The only reliable information I found from researching is the list by PBS and is as follows - in order of importance: 1. Internet, broadband, WWW (browser and html) 2. PC/laptop computers 3. Mobile phones 4. E-mail 5. DNA testing and sequencing/Human genome mapping 6. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 7. Microprocessors 8. Fiber optics 9. Office software (spreadsheets, word processors) 10. Non-invasive laser/robotic surgery (laparoscopy) 11. Open source software and services (e.g., Linux, Wikipedia) 12. Light emitting diodes 13. Liquid crystal display (LCD) 14. GPS systems 15. Online shopping/ecommerce/auctions (e.g., eBay) 16. Media file compression (jpeg, mpeg, mp3) 17. Microfinance 18. Photovoltaic Solar Energy 19. Large scale wind turbines 20. Social networking via the Internet 21. Graphic user interface (GUI) 22. Digital photography/videography 23. RFID and applications (e.g., EZ Pass) 24. Genetically modified plants 25. Bio fuels 26. Bar codes and scanners 27. ATMs 28. Stents 29. SRAM flash memory 30. Anti retroviral treatment for AIDS 31. Digital Music 32. ATM Machines
Explain the Information Processing Cycle of a computer?
= What is information processing cycle? = In: Computer Terminology [Edit categories][Edit]Information processing cycle of computer can be well described by the following points: (1) input, (2) processing, (3) output and (4) storage # Input-entering data into the computer. # Processing-performing operations on the data. # Output-presenting the results. # Storage-saving data, programs, or output for future use.1. INPUTThe collection of raw data from the outside world so it can be put into an information system. Putting the acquired data into the information system. # Examples: The payroll clerk collects workers' timecards so she knows how many hours each person worked that week and types the hours from the timecards into a spreadsheet # Conducting a survey of customer's opinions and then scanning the survey cards with a card reader. # Collecting jokes for a joke book and typing jokes into a word processor. # Using a form on a website to collect visitors' opinionsTypical input devices: Keyboards, mice, flatbed scanners, bar code readers, joysticks, digital data tablets (for graphic drawing), electronic cash registers2. PROCESSING CPU Processor - Central ProcessingUnit A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the key component in a digital computer capable of executing a program. It interprets computer program instructions and processes data. CPUs provide the fundamental digital computer trait of programmability, and are one of the necessary components found in computers of any era, along with memory and input/output facilities. A CPU that is manufactured as a single integrated circuit is usually known as a microprocessor. Beginning in the mid-1970s, microprocessors of ever-increasing complexity and power gradually supplanted other designs, and today the term "CPU" is usually applied to some type of microprocessor. Microprocessor (CPU)Integrated circuit, also called a chip. The Brain of the computerComposed of: ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit: Processor Controller High speed calculatorIntel is the most popular chipCategorized by model numbersHigher model number=newer/faster chipSpeed of CPU is determined by clock speedHigher the clock speed, faster the computerSpeed is measured in megahertz (MHz) Megahertz: Clock Speed of the processor (100 MHz = 100 million cycles/second). Memory or RAM Next most critical element of a processing hardware is RAM, often referred to as "primary storage" or "main memory". Random Access Memory (RAM) receives and temporarily stores data and program instructions from the CPU This data bank communicates with the CPU, constantly exchanging information and constantly changing as long as the computer is onRAM is an active, electronic state. When the power is on, RAM retains data. When the computer is turned off, all data in RAM is erased unless you have saved it to some mass storage device. Each time the computer boots, the computer goes through it's startup routine and lastly loads operating system instructions into RAMRandom Access Memory (RAM) is the workhorse behind the performance of your computer. Working as a foot soldier for your processor, RAM temporarily stores information from your operating system, applications, and data in current use. This gives your processor easy access to the critical information that makes your programs run. The amount of RAM you have determines how many programs can be executed at one time and how much data can be readily available to a program. It also determines how quickly your applications perform and how many applications you can easily toggle between at one time. Simply put, the more RAM you have, the more programs you can run smoothly and simultaneously. To determine how much RAM you need, factor in the demands of the applications you want to run simultaneously as well as the operating system (512 MB of RAM is recommended by Microsoft as minimum for operation of Windows) Then keep in mind that you'll inevitably add new applications and create new files, and add accordingly. RAM: (Random Access Memory): (Click here to read "How Stuff Works - RAM") Types of RAM * DRAM (Dynamic RAM) This is the most common type of computer memory. DRAM needs refreshing and is refreshed hundreds of times each second in order to retain data. During recharging it cannot be accessed by the CPS * SRAM (Static RAM) SRAM is approximately 5 times faster (and twice as expensive, as DRAM). It does not have to be constantly refreshed. Because of its lower cost and smaller size, DRAM is preferred for the main memory, while SRAM is used primarily for cache memory. * SDRAM (synchronous dynamic RAM) is the standard memory offering in the PC industry and is faster than DRAM because it's synchronized to the system clock. . It is designed for mainstream home and business applications, email, and basic audio and video streaming. It provides single-channel memory and is available on our mainstream and value desktop system. * DDR SDRAM (double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM) takes all the features of ordinary SDRAM and increases the frequency bandwidth to improve system performance and speed. * RDRAM (Rambus dynamic RAM) is able to load a new stream of data before the previous stream has completed, resulting in faster access speeds. The RDRAM memory features dual-channel processing which doubles data throughput to further enhance performance. This type of memory is optimized for high-end multimedia tasks involving video and audio. Dual Channel RDRAM is shipped on our performance desktop systems powered by Pentium 4 processors * VRAM: Memory designed for storing the image to be displayed. * CACHE RAM is a small block of high-speed memory located between the Processor and main memory and is used to store frequently requested data and instructions. When the processor requests data, it will check in the cache firstUnderstanding the relationship between CPU and RAM The hierarchical arrangement of memory storage in current computer architectures is called the memory hierarchy. It is designed to take advantage of memory locality in computer programs. Each level of the hierarchy is of higher speed and lower latency, and is of smaller size, than lower levels. The memory hierarchy in most computers is as follows: * Processor registers - fastest possible access (usually 1 CPU cycle), only hundreds of bytes in size * Level 1 (L1) cache - often accessed in just a few cycles, usually tens of kilobytes * Level 2 (L2) cache - higher latency than L1 by 2× to 10×, often 512 KiB or more * Level 3 (L3) cache - higher latency than L2, often several MB * Main memory (DRAM) - may take hundreds of cycles, but can be multiple gigabytes. Access times may not be uniform.3. Output In information processing, output is the process of transmitting the processing information Essentially, output is the presentation of any data exiting a computer system. This could be in the form of printed paper, audio, video. In the medical industry this might include CT scans or x-rays. Typically in computing, data is entered through various forms (input) into a computer, the data is often manipulated, and then information is presented to a human (output). Typical output devices: Monitors* Pixels: Images are created with dots of lights called picture elements, or pixels. More pixels = higher resolution. Resolution is the maximum number of pixels the monitor can display * Basic VGA is a pixel grid 640 X 480 * Super VGA is 1,024 X 768 * A video card, (also referred to as a graphics accelerator card, display adapter, graphics card, and numerous other terms), is an item of personal computerhardware whose function is to generate and output images to a display. Printers * Laser - laser beams bond toner to paper * Ink jet - fine stream of ink * Dot Matrix - pins & ribbon What else can you think of?4. Storage Storage, or mass storage refers to various techniques and devices for storing large amounts of data. The earliest storage devices were punched paper cards, which were used as early as 1804 to control silk-weaving looms. Modern mass storage devices include all types of disk drives and tape drives. Mass storage is distinct from memory, which refers to temporary storage areas within the computer. Unlike RAM memory, mass storage devices retain data even when the computer is turned off. The smallest unit of storage is a file that contains such data as a resume, letter, budget, images or any one of the thousands of items that you may have saved for future reference. Additionally, files can be executable program files, or system files reserved for the operating system. Mass storage is measured in kilobytes (1,024 bytes), megabytes (1,024 kilobytes), gigabytes (1,024 megabytes) and terabytes (1,024 gigabytes). Examples of some mass storage devices * Disk storage - hundreds of thousands of cycles latency, but very large ** Floppy Disks: Relatively slow and have a small capacity, but they are portable, inexpensive, and universal ** Hard disks : Very fast and with more capacity than floppy disks, but also more expensive. Some hard disk systems are portable (removable cartridges), but most are not. * Tertiary storage - ** Optical storage: Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use electromagnetism to encode data, optical disk systems use a laser to read and write data. Optical disks have very large storage capacity, but they are not as fast as hard disks. Examples: CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD or DVD-R ** Tapes: Relatively inexpensive and can have very large storage capacities, but they do not permit random access of data. * Flash Memory - faster than disk storage, with up to 4GB or more of data, transferring (usually) over universal serial bus (USB) POONAM VALERA GUJRAT JAMNAGAR p_aum_k@yahoo.co.in
What is the difference between DRAM and SRAM in terms of pin diagram?
dram is material gives sound and sram is the sound itself
What are different types of rams?
sram and dram
What adventage does dram have over sram?
DRAM has a lower price. Further details below:
Ram is divided into two categories what are they?
DRAM and SRAM
What advantage does DRAM have over SRAM?
Dynamic Random Access Memory contents need to be continuously refreshed. When its contents are being refreshed, memory can not be read from nor write to. Another point to note is that DRAM is cheap to manufacture (This could be the only advantage it has to SRAM).Where as in Static Random Access Memory, memory need not to be continuosly refreshed and therefore memory can be accessed at any time. SRAM is expensive to manufacture.
What are forms of ram?
SRAM DRAM SDRAM XRAM is not a form of RAM.
What are all forms of RAM?
SRAM DRAM SDRAM XRAM is not a form of RAM.
What are the two main types of ram memory sram and dram?
DDR and DDR2
How would you write about SRAM?
---SRAM--- Static random access memory (SRAM) is a type of semiconductor memory where the word static indicates that it, unlike dynamic RAM (DRAM), does not need to be periodically refreshed, as SRAM uses bistable latching circuitry to store each bit. SRAM exhibits data remanence, but is still volatile in the conventional sense that data is eventually lost when the memory is not powered. The term SDRAM, which stands for synchronous DRAM, should not be confused with SRAM.
What is the difference between DRAM and SRAM in terms of characterstics such as size?
•Dynamic cell (DRAM) -Simpler to build, smaller -More dense -Less expensive -Needs refresh -Larger memory units •Static (SRAM) -Faster -Cache
What are the 2 major classifications of RAM?
SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
Is a SLIPP a type of RAM?
no the types of RAM are DRAM, SRAM, SIMM, DIMM and RIMM.
