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A very good question, and one that is difficult to prove - However.

If we forget about gravitational compression, Mercury is the densest planet in the Solar System. Earth being the most dense at 5.515 g/cm3 whereas Mercury has a density of 5.427 g/cm3 -- So not a lot in it.

Current theories suggest that early in the formation of the Solar System, there were a lot more planets orbiting the Sun. Many crashed into other planets - Theia and the creation of the moonis one example, and I'm sure there were others.

Mercury had a sister planet of about the same size and mass, but also in the same orbit. Disaster was bound to happen - eventually.

When the two planets collided, almost head on, the core of the second planet merged with Mercury and blasted the lighter material into outer space, this was eventually consumed by the Sun or accreted onto other planets. Mercury, now had an incredibly dense core and a "sifting" of lighter materials on it's surface.

So Mercury has an incredibly large iron core compared to other planets, and this is why it has such a large density compared to other planets.

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14y ago

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