I have not heard the term "carbon black", but gascooled reactors such as magnox and AGR have carbon (graphite) as moderator.
Yes, a type of fast neutron (without a moderator) reactor called a breeder reactor can make plutonium fuel much faster than it consumes uranium fuel. If fueled with plutonium fuel instead of uranium fuel, it also makes more plutonium fuel than it consumes.But all other reactor types are unable to do this (even though they all make some plutonium during operation).Note: a slight variant of a breeder reactor sometimes called a burner reactor is designed to rapidly fission all actinides (elements from actinium up through all transuranics) to eliminate long lived isotopes from nuclear waste.
The molten salts reactor was an experimental nuclear reactor during 1965-1969. But this reactor hadn't thorium inside.
Space Time is the time necessary to process one reactor volume of fluid based on entrance conditions (holding time or mean residence time)This is the time it takes for the amount of fluid that takes up the entire volume of the reactor to either completely enter or exit the reactor. It is also called holding time or mean residence time. e.g. a space time of 2mins.means every 2mins one reactor volume of feed at specified conditions is being treated by the reactor.
Because the neutron economics are against it, a critical reactor and a chain reaction would not be possible. Ordinary water absorbs too many neutrons. For natural uranium you must use graphite or heavy water for the moderator.
What is the primary function of a Moderator in a nuclear reactor
It is a nuclear reactor without reflector, consisting only from fuel and moderator.
moderator
Most often, light water (H2O) is used as a moderator in a nuclear reactor. Sometimes, heavy water (D2O), or graphite is used.
The primary role of graphite moderator is to moderate the neutron energies however it may also capture some heat during reactor operation.
The core of the reactor contains the nuclear fuel. Having a moderator in place within the core ensures that the nuclear fuel is processed at an accurate time duration. This can prevent serious problems from occurring within the entire nuclear reactor.
Yes, they are fast nuclear reactors
By the control rods and by the moderator.
Shielding is used to prevent the escape of neutrons from a reactor. A moderator is used in the reactor to undergo collisions with a neutron. The neutrons produced in fission collide with the molecules of the moderator, imparting their kinetic energy on them. This generates heat in the reactor. (Temperature is the measure of the average random molecular kinetic energy of a substance).
The fission reactor is composed of:Nuclear fuel,reactor coolants,neutron moderator (optional)control elementsshieldingmeasurement instrumentssupporting structures... etc
moderator, coolant
This is done in order to limit corrosion of the internal reactor components