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VPN
1969
Bridges are protocol independent. (source comptia network+ book)
Anything that is described in the OSI model is a standardized protocol, including any new ones such as IPv6.
rmi is a protocol not plateform independent
This is normally called a Protocol.
Midi
yes
TIP (Technology-Independent Protocol)
Standardized means that the controllable variables are brought to the same value. For example, you would standardized an experimental protocol over multiple runs of the experiment by writing it down step by step then following it to the letter every time you repeat the experiment.
Anything that is described in the OSI model is a standardized protocol, including any new ones such as IPv6.
-The geographic scope of the network -The physical layer implementation -The number of hosts to be interconnected