The key to converting sediment into sedimentary rock is often though of as being pressure. And it is only by burial that enough pressure can be generated on a layer of sediment to "press" it into sedimentary rock. With pressure and time comes what is called compaction and the expulsion of (most of) the space between the particles of sediment that were deposited. Let's look at sediments being laid down and turned into sedimentary rock.
When sediments are created, moved and deposited, they can consolidate and form a layer or layers. These strata will be composed of particles of organic and inorganic material. Included will be the intersticial spaces between the sediments. Any water present in the pore spaces (and there usually is) will bring with it dissolved minerals. These can precipitate out in the spaces, and will cause cementation, which is the binding of these minerals to the particles of sediment and the "sticking together" of the sediments. Following the deposition of more material, pressure (lithostatic pressure) will build on the underlying strata. The compaction forces the layer to become more dense and to "turn to stone" over time. And sedimentary rock is the result of this process.
The igneous rock gets weathered into sediment by wind, water, and ices. The sediment is deposited in a basin and buried. The pressure of burial and the heat inside Earth turns that sediment into stone.
within a water environment
Foremost would be pressure, usually from burial by additional sediments. The other processes take it from there.
Lithification.
Sedimentary rock can be changed to metamorphic rock by either heat or pressure, or a combination of both. These processes can occur for various reasons including, faulting and folding, divergent and convergent tectonic plates, exposure to magma or lava, burial of sedimentary deposits, etc... Basically the same forces that create earthquakes and volcanoes are responsible for creating metamorphic rock.
The igneous rock gets weathered into sediment by wind, water, and ices. The sediment is deposited in a basin and buried. The pressure of burial and the heat inside Earth turns that sediment into stone.
within a water environment
Burial of sediment does not make igneous rock.
Foremost would be pressure, usually from burial by additional sediments. The other processes take it from there.
Burial in sediment
Lithification.
Usually a fossil graveyard is a jumbled assortment of fossils embedded in a hardened matrix of sediment, giving every evidence for the catastrophic death of the organisms along with a rapid burial.
preservational/destructional processes occurring between the death of an organism and its final burial in the sediment.
Sedimentary rock can be changed to metamorphic rock by either heat or pressure, or a combination of both. These processes can occur for various reasons including, faulting and folding, divergent and convergent tectonic plates, exposure to magma or lava, burial of sedimentary deposits, etc... Basically the same forces that create earthquakes and volcanoes are responsible for creating metamorphic rock.
Nothing, possibly. Metamorphism of sedimentary rock may be dependent on depth of burial, directed pressure, or exposure to high temperatures or hot fluids.
•Geochemical, physical, and mineralogic (textural) changes that take place after burial of sediment -Not weathering -Not metamorphism/metasomatism
The physical processes important in transforming sedimentary rocks to metamorphic rocks are, Pressure, Temperature, Stress, Depth of burial and Metasomatism.