Because it is rare, beautiful, and timeless -- its natural assets are unmatched by any other gemstone.
The most valuable stone is typically considered to be the diamond, followed by sapphire, ruby, emerald, and then semi-precious stones such as amethyst, citrine, and peridot. The value of a stone is determined by factors such as rarity, color, size, and clarity.
Yes, if it is a gem-stone quality diamond.
The jewelry grade (white) diamond that is most valuable is identified as a D-colour stone. In fancy coloured stones, both blue and pink stones are valuable, although red might be the most rare, and therefore the most valuable. See the link, below.
By weight, a gem-stone quality diamond is more valuable than oil.
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The rarest natural diamond colours are probably red, green and blue. If you can find a large stone in one of those colours graded as flawless or very slightly included with a cut that shows off the stone's colour and high clarity, you will probably pay the most per carat for this stone.
diamonds
Diamond