0
Why is it not possible to give an absolute level of assurance in audit?
Wiki User
∙ 6y agoWant this question answered?
Be notified when an answer is posted
Add your answer:
Earn +20 pts
When does a CPA conduct a review for a private company?
Reviews are performed for privately owned companies when the financial statement user wants some assurance about the statements but do not require the level of assurance provided in an audit.
What entry level accounting jobs are available?
There are a lot of accounting jobs reaching high and starting on the entry level. Good jobs to start with are audit accountant, audit associate, payroll associate, account clerk associate.
What is a notice to reader financial statement?
A notice to reader refers to the level of assurance the financial statements have undergone, which is none, thus the report must notify the financial statement users that the financial statements have not been reviewed (higher degree of assurance) or audited (highest degree of assurance).
Maxall company audit solution?
Meaning of Substantive Audit and the approach applied in EM's Audit of Maxall.What do you think the auditors meant by the term "Substantive Audit"? Was the substantive approach appropriately applied in EM's audit of Maxall?Here the term substantive Audit refers to the test of account balances with respect to the transactions relating to it.Yes the substantive approach was appropriately applied in this audit which was confined to Accounts Receivables, in relation to sales.Comparison of Audit Procedures that are in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.Identify and discuss specific audit process/procedures that the auditor(s) performed that were in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.We have got three types of tests performed under substantive audits, as per the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, namely(I) Test of Transactions,(II) Test of balances(III) Analytical review procedures.(I) Test of transaction: It is an auditing procedure related to examining specified transactions and supporting documentation. It is part of the testing process used by the auditor to check internal-controls reliability. It is undertaken to gather evidence so that an audit opinion can be rendered as to the fairness of financial statement presentation. Included in such a test is verifying transaction amounts and tracing transactions to accounts in the financial statements.Here this test was confined to Accounts receivable, sales and inventory.(II) Test of Balances When EM compares the book balance of cash to the book balance, it is a test of balances. This is the step in which the Auditor seeks to obtain sufficient evidence to make a final judgment on the extent of losses or account misstatements that have occurred or might occur.Here, in this audit, the CPA's obtained evidence relating to the Accounts receivables with respect to the sales made during the year. They found out that 6 invoices made at the year end and confirmed those with the concerned customers.(III) Analytical review is an auditing process that tests relationships among accounts and identifies material changes. It involves analyzing significant ratios and trends for unusual changes and questionable items. Included in the analytical review process are: (1) reading important documents and analyzing their accounting and financial effects; (2) reviewing the activity in an account between interim and year-end, especially noting entries out of the ordinary; and (3) comparing current period account balances to prior periods as well as to budgeted amounts, noting reasonableness of account balances by evaluating logical relationships among them (i.e., relating payables to expenses, accounts receivable to sales).Only a part of Analytical review was made by EM for this company. They made certain adjustments relating to sales and Provision for doubtful debts.Identification of Audit Errors made by EM and Precautionary measures to be taken.Identify the specific audit errors made by EM and discuss what the auditorshould have done to avoid the errors.Inherent risk is the susceptibility of EM audit area to error which could be material, individually or in combination with other errors, as there were no related internal controls. Here we can see a possible error relating to Material. The material level was fixed at $35000 for 20x1 and $50000 for 20x2 which was not substantiated. There is no proper evidence to set these levels for the Material. As per the CPA standards the Material Level should beUnder single Rule5% of pre-tax income0.5% of total assets1% of equity0.5% of total revenuesOrUnder Variable rule2 to 5% of gross profit, if less than $20,0001 to 2% of gross profit, if between $20,000 and $1 million0.5 to 1% of gross profit, if between $1 and $100 million0.5% of gross profit, if more than $100 million.These rules have not been followed here.Comparison of audit in compliance with latest professional guidance.The scope of a forensic audit is to fix blame or answer a question. A forensic audit seeks proof, not reasonable assurance. Here the auditors have conducted a normal audit. When they found out the sales made in late December 20x1 and 20x2 to Balco limited, was given 90 to 120 days credit limit, they should have enquired into the reasons behind it and should have gathered enough evidence for evaluating the credibility of the customer. But they accepted the Mary Maxwell assurance for this customer. This evidence clearly shows that this audit was not conducted entirely in compliance with the professional guidance regarding the forensic-type phase of audit.
What are some examples of internal operational audit objectives?
To Determine if: 1. Operational standards and procedures are formally established and adhered to. 2. Effeciency and productivity of staff and resources are maximzed. 3. Management of vendor contracts, system maintenance, and service level agreements are effective. 4. Organizational Management structure supports the business model.
What is absolute assurance?
Absolute Assurance is the highest level of assurance an auditor can give, if s/he checks each and every transaction. Therefore, absolute assurance is the level of assurance that can only be given if the auditor does not perform sampling testing. However, because of the time and costs involved, it is not feasible for an auditor to give 100% level of assurance. With much fewer costs and time involved, s/he will be able to provide around 60% level of assurance by providing what is called Reasonable Assurance.
When does a CPA conduct a review for a private company?
Reviews are performed for privately owned companies when the financial statement user wants some assurance about the statements but do not require the level of assurance provided in an audit.
How does a review differ from an audit particularly in terms of the level of assurance implied by the auditor's report?
An audit of historical financial statements is a form of attestation service in which the auditor issue a written report expressing an opinion about whether the financial statements are in material conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. When presenting information in the form of financial statements, the client makes various assertions about its financial condition and results of operations. External users who rely on those financial statements to make business decisions look the auditor's report as an indication of the statements' reliability. They value the auditor's assurance because of the auditor's independence from the client and knowledge of financial statement reporting matters. A review of historical financial statements is another type of attestation service performed by CPAs. Whereas audit provides a high level of assurance, a review service provides a moderate amount of assurance on the financial statements, and less evidence is necessary to support this level of assurance.
What is assurance and non-assurance engagement?
An assurance engagement is any engagement that increases the level of confidence of third parties and management towards the outcome of an evaluation or measurement of a set of financial statements in accordance with the criteria of the financial reporting standards. This term usually refers to an independent audit. A non-assurance engagement is therefore an engagement that doesn't impact on the level of confidence in the validity of the financial statements. For example, a compilation of financial information or consulting engagement, such as tax or management consulting.
What is non assurance engagement?
An assurance engagement is any engagement that increases the level of confidence of third parties and management towards the outcome of an evaluation or measurement of a set of financial statements in accordance with the criteria of the financial reporting standards. This term usually refers to an independent audit. A non-assurance engagement is therefore an engagement that doesn't impact on the level of confidence in the validity of the financial statements. For example, a compilation of financial information or consulting engagement, such as tax or management consulting.
What are the differences between negative and positive assurance in the context of the external audit and review engagements?
Positive assurance - An affirmative statement or opinion given by the auditor, generally based on a high level of work performed. Negative assurance - A statement indicating that, as a result of performing certain procedures, nothing came to the accountant's attention indicating that the subject matter in question did not meet a specified standard.
When does meowth learn assurance in FireRed?
Meowth will learn assurance at level 41.
What is the minimum level of income possible before poverty becomes life threatening?
Absolute poverty is the minimum level of income possible before poverty becomes life threatening.
How does wipro acquire cmmi level 5 certification?
Audit your firm for acquiring CMM level.
What is the meaning of financial statement level risk?
Financial statement level risks are risks of materials misstatement of the financial statements. These are the same for both audit of financial statements and audit of internal control.
DOD Information assurance?
ia technical level 1 identifies
What is the absolute level of a price index?
Price level
