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A loudspeaker uses electromagnets. An electromagnet consists of an iron centre which has coils of wire tightly wrapped round it. This is known as a solenoid. When the current flows through the wires of the solenoid it produces a magnetic field round it. the iron core increases the strength of the magnetic field. A solenoid can behave like a normal bar magnet, with a north and south pole. Which is north and which south depends on the way the electricity goes through. When the electricity stops, the magnetism stops too. Electromagnets are useful because their magnetism can be turned on and off by turning the electricity supply on and off.

To understand how a loudspeaker works, it is best to start with a microphone. A microphone turns sound into electricity. A microphone has grains of carbon behind a disc. Wire carrying electricity is connected to the carbon. When someone speaks into a microphone, this makes sound waves, which make the disc tremble. When the disc trembles, it pushes the grains of carbon in and out slightly. This movement affects the strength of the electricity in the wire. Loud noises move the disc most and cause the biggest change in electricity. Soft sound hardly move the disc at all and cause only a weak change. Speaking into a microphone sends a changing electric current along its wire. Earphones turn the changing electric current back into sound waves. There is an electromagnet in the earphone which has a metal disc in front of it. Different strengths of electricity make the magnetism weaker or stronger. the changes in magnetic strength make the disc tremble, which makes sound waves in the air. These are an exact copy of the sound waves that went into the microphone, and so an exact copy of the sound is heard.

In the case of loudspeakers, the sound waves can be made extra clear by joining the metal disc to a cone of cardboard. The whole cone trembles when the disc does. This moves more air and makes clearer and louder sound waves. Radios, cassette and CD players all have loudspeakers inside them.

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16y ago
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12y ago

Because it's vibrating, and you can see. I don't understand the puzzlement here.

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Q: Why is it possible to see the cone vibrating in a loudspeaker?
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