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Metric units are derived from a fundamental unit and a collection of prefixes, all of which represent powers of the number 10. Because the standard number base is base 10, it is easy to convert between a fundamental metric unit and one of its derived units by shifting the decimal point. For example, the fundamental metric unit of length is a metre, and all lengths can be represented with a reasonable number of digits by using metres, centimetres, millimetres, micrometres, etc. for lengths shorter than one metre, and kilometres, megametres, etc for lengths longer than a metre.

In contrast, British units have no standard divisor, so that conversion factors must be memorized. For example in measuring length, 12 inches equals one foot, but three feet equals one yard, and 5,280 feet equals one mile.

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