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Johann Sebastian Bach 'discovered' the chromatic scale, and composed the Circle of Fifths. The Circle of Fifths starts with the key of C, which has no accidentals (flats or sharps). The fifth note of C is G, when means when you play or write these scales, you move from the key of C to the key of G - moving up a perfect fifth; hence, the term 'circle of fifths'. The key of G major has one accidental, the F sharp.

The fifth note of the key of G is D, and the key of D major has TWO sharps - so you see, as you move through the circle of fifths each change increases the number of accidentals by one. For instance, the fifth note of D is A, and the key of A major has THREE accidentals.

That is pretty much why the key of G major has an accidental, which in the case of that scale, happens to be F sharp.

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