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The autotrophs are at 1st level, herbivores come under 2nd level, small carnivores or secondary consumers form 3rd level, and larger carnivores form 4th level. As we know that interactions among various components of the environment involves flow of energy from one component of the system to another. As we have studied that producers capture energy present in sunlight and convert them into chemical energy, from autotrophs, the energy goes to heterotrophs and decomposers. When one form of energy is changed to another, some energy is lost to the environment in forms which cannot be used again. So if there are more trophic levels energy gained will be less so there are only 4 to 5 levels.

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Q: Why is it that number of trophic levels minimise to 4 or 5?
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