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Water can dissolve organic compounds that are capable of hydrogen bonding. This would be organic compounds that contain a hydroxy group or amines. Remember that amines will not form hydrogen bonds in aromatic groups and their solubility in water decreases with increase in carbon atoms.
some of the tertiary amines are best soluble in cold water
In general organic contains carbon molecules and/or those related to life. It is the chemistry of carbon containing compounds. Inorganic is everything else and generally do not contain carbon (with some exceptions).
No, not at all. In fact most solids are INsoluble. Some solids (such as metals, stones, wood) don't dissolve while other solids like sugar or salt do dissolve. Water is a polar molecule, therefore it can dissolve only polar substances and many ionic compounds. However, it cannot dissolve non-polar substances.
It is called Nitrification. Some bacteria and lightning does that
Ionization
Water can dissolve some ionic compounds as well as some molecular compounds because of its polarity. It is polar enough to dissolve ionic compounds into their ions. Water does not dissolve molecular compounds by breaking covalent bonds, but through intermolecular forces.
yes heat is given of due to the exothermic process in some cases. e.g when caco3 is mixed with water heat is given of.
Even though the process is endothermic, the dissolving of the solid increases the entropy enough to more than compensate for the drop in temperature.
because some of those bonds are polar and from associations with the water.
oxygen
Water can dissolve organic compounds that are capable of hydrogen bonding. This would be organic compounds that contain a hydroxy group or amines. Remember that amines will not form hydrogen bonds in aromatic groups and their solubility in water decreases with increase in carbon atoms.
some of the tertiary amines are best soluble in cold water
HCl lowers the boiling point of water more than HC2H3O2 does.
Water dissolves some molecular compounds because water is a polar molecule.
It is often mentioned that water can dissolve a huge variety of compounds of varying chemical characteristics. Declaring a strict number of such molecules would be almost impossible. It should be said that these compounds cannot be put into a single category. At first, let's take a look at ionic compounds. Being a polar solvent, water can dissolve many ionic compounds by dissociating them into seperate ions and creating hydrated spheres. Eventhough, there are some ionic lattices that do not dissolve, which we usually call as precipitates. When it comes to covalent compounds, many ones with asymmetric polar bonds are dissolved in water such as alcohols, amines etc. In rare cases, non polar compounds also partially dissolve in water, such as bromine and iodine. Generally, it can be also said that, molecules with relatively higher molecular masses, show less tendency to dissolve in water.
As a rule, polar compounds dissolve in water. Most of the organic compounds are non polar, so they do not dissolve in water. polar organic compounds like ethyl alcohol, suger. Acetic acid etc dissolve in water, because they are polar in nature.