Because it is energetically favorable
Phosphorus should gain 3 electrons and form P3- ion to attain a noble gas configuration
Atoms lose or gain or share electrons and tend to attain noble gas configuration
Krypton is a noble gas and need not lose electrons. It is already stable.
All halogen family elements need to gain 1 electron to attain a noble gas configuration. This is because noble gases have a full outer shell of electrons, which is the most stable configuration in terms of electron arrangement.
4
aluminium should lose three electrons to attain noble gas configuration
An atom of silicon needs to gain 4 electrons in its 3p sublevel to attain the noble gas electron configuration of argon, the noble gas in period 3 of the periodic table.
Magnesium (Mg) has 12 electrons. To attain a noble gas configuration, Mg would need to lose 2 electrons to have the same electron configuration as a noble gas (like neon). This would result in Mg forming a +2 ion.
Calcium loses two electrons to obtain a noble-gas electron configuration.
chlorine would need only one electron to attain an octet structure.
All the elements in their normal state are reactive and unstable. In order to attain stability i.e. a state of minimum energy, they tend to form ions by loosing or gaining electrons. By doing so, they achieve stable electronic configuration or noble gas configuration. However, some elements do not form ions. Instead of that, two such atoms share electrons with each other and achieve this noble gas configuration. At the end, the main reason for attaining a noble gas configuration is to attain max. stability and min. energy.
Metals like sodium,potassium get noble gas configuration by losing electrons. Elements like nitrogen,oxygen get noble gas configuration by gaining electrons. Halogens get noble gas configuration by sharing electrons.