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Each time a U235 atom decays, it emits 2-3 neutrons. The likelihood that one of these neutrons is captured by another U235 atom INCREASES with more mass.

The SHAPE of this mass will also play a role, imagine a thin wire of U235, compared to a sphere, with regards to how likely a chain reaction will occur.

Neutron reflection can also help redirect an errant neutron back into the mass so it can react instead.

Compression (increase of density) plays a role as well.

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