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The only molecules that are soluble in water are those that are polar. Also, ionic compounds are soluble in water, but they are not true molecules. They are insoluble in water because they are composed primarily of long chains of hydrocarbons. Fatty acids consist of long, unbranched hydrocarbons with a carboxylic acid group at one end. The number of carbon atoms in a fatty acid molecule is usually even (6, 8, 12, 32, 36, etc.), although it is not impossible to find a fatty acid with an odd number of carbon atoms in its structure. While the long, hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acid continues to be strongly hydrophobic, the presence of the carboxylic acid group at one end of the molecule adds some hydrophilic properties. Small fatty acids such as propionic acid (with 3 carbon atoms) mixes with water readily, caproic acid (with 6 carbon atoms) is only 0.4 percent soluble in water. When fatty acids or other nonpolar molecules are put into water, the water repels them because there are no parts of the molecule that have charge, thus no attraction.

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16y ago
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12y ago

the water can not combine with all of the acid

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Q: Why is the solubility of fatty acids in water limited?
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