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The idea of months began as "Moon Cycles"... and thus the term Months from the word Moon.

A lunar month, however has 29.53 days, and a solar year has 365.242 days...

So the seasons would shift slowly with calendars based on 12 lunar months (and you would still have either 29 of 30 day months to compensate for fractional days in the lunar cycles).

But, perhaps because the moon (lunar) cycles were previously used, 12 months were chosen for the calendar.

365 days / 12 months = 30.416 days.

Thus to divide a year into 12 calendar months with full days (fractional days don't work), the number of days per month have to be varied slightly.

The approximately quarter day per year "extra" is compensated for by adding an extra day every 4 years on the leap year, with more complicated rules to compensate every century

Also see the Wikipedia articles on the Tropical Year that our calendar is based on, and the Sidereal Year which the procession of the equinoxes is based on.

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15y ago

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