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This is due to Kirchoff's law. The total voltage around a closed loop must be zero.This is related to energy conservation. An electron (for example) needs a certain energy to go from point "A" to point "B", against the electrical forces (voltage, really). Voltage is defined as energy per unit charge. If the electron could, for example, go one way and gain an energy of 5 electron-volts (the energy an electron gains when going through a potential of 5 volts), then go another way and lose 4 electron-volts, this could be used to build a perpetuum mobile - therefore it isn't possible.

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8y ago
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Q: Why is the voltage the same in a parallel circuit?
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