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because convection currents are caused by the liquid being heated, becoming less dense due to increased kinetic energy and rising. if you are heating the top of the test tube, there is nowhere for them to 'rise' to, so no current is formed, as they do not reach a place where they cool and sink to the bottom. thus convection currents are only formed when heating the bottom of a test tube.

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Q: Why is there no convection current when the liquid in the test tube is heated at the top?
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