Halogens F (fluorine), Cl (chlorine), Br (bromine), I (iodine), At (astatine)
K :- potassiumCl:- ChlorineO:- OxygenBr:- Bromine
symbol for halide is RX where R can be any element and X can be any element from halogen group like HCl,HBr where H is R and {Cl,Br} is X
Eight electrons in the 2nd shell of Br- This is also the number of electrons in the 2nd shell of I-, Cl- and even F- !
Only four compounds with Cl and Br were obtained up today.
Mohr method is a Precipitation titrations method which is the concentration of an unknown substance in solution is determined by adding measured amount of a standard solution such as AgNO3 that react with unknown samples to determine CL, Br in Solid and solutions samples . NaCL + AgNO3 =====> AgCL + NaNO3. Br- + Ag NO3=====> AgBr + NO3- Then the concentration of the unkown can be calculated using the stoichiometry of the recation and the number of moles of standard solution needed to reach the End point. The mohr method uses chromate CrO4 2- ion as an indicator . By Known the stoichiometry and moles consumed at end point,we can determine the mount of chloride in an unknown samples. Saeed Yousef AL-Soumali
Br-I
Br-I
.....Cl Br-C-Cl ....Br Single Bonds for all and 3 pairs of unbonded electrons on both Cl's and both Br's
Br I N Cl H O F
soluble
S-Cl
chlorine (Cl)
p-br
the ions of Cl and Br both are negative 1. this means Cl and Br need one more electron to obtain a full shell. to complete their shells, Cl and Br form a covalent bond. also, Cl and Br are both nonmetals. 2 nonmetals cam only form a covalent bond.
There will be four peaks in the mass spectrum.
-1 for Cl and +1 for Br