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Copper wire passes computer communications through the use of modulated carrier waves. RF energy is susceptible to resistance which reduces the signal over distance according to the Rho value of the copper wire. The longer the wire the higher the resistance the less signal is received at the other end.

Secondly, being an RF signal, copper wire is susceptible to receiving signals from other sources which can cause interference though inter-modulation products caused by phase sum and difference between competing signals.

Thirdly, RF signals are subject to standing waves which are caused by mismatches between feeders. This mismatch can prevent the signal from leaving the feeder (Copper wire) which in turn can prevent the signal from being received at the other end and cause the transmitter amplifier to become stressed and fail.

Finally, copper wire is limited in the speed of the signal which can be transmitted.

Fibre optical cable

With multi-frequency fibre cables multiple signals can be sent down one cable at one time. Dependent on the purity for the fibre cable there is very little optical resistance runs of over 20km can be easily achieved.

There is no transmission frequency limit to light.

There is no standing wave problem.

There is no interference problem from external sources.

Fibre bundles carry more signals that the equivalent copper wire bundle in less physical space.

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11y ago
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11y ago

The main reasons are :-

Speed - Optical fibre cables can transmit data at much higher rates than copper cable.

Capacity - You can transmit more than on signal simultaneously in a single optical cable.

Security - Optical cable is virtually impossible to 'tap' without being detected.

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Q: Why optical fiber is slowly replacing copper cables in telecommunications?
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