To prevent injection or hijacking.
it indicates which layer 4 protocol is carried in a datagram
The protocol field, in the IP header, identifies what kind of data is in the IP packet - the upper-layer protocol. For example, if the code is 6, that means that the data is a TCP segment.
TCP
Assuming IPv4 ICMP. Ping uses IP for transport. Ping in itself is an "Echo Request", which is a function of the ICMP protocol. The IP Packet will carry the ICMP protocol from end-to-end. ICMP has a protocol number of 1, so the "Protocol" field in the IPv4 header will contain "1" as a reference to the ICMP payload. For IPv6, ICMPv6 is used, and the transport will be IPv6.
no, service of UDP
in a random field in the middle of nowhere
The Protocol field in the IPv4 header, which specifies the transport layer protocol used (like TCP or UDP), is not present in the fixed IPv6 header because IPv6 uses a more flexible approach with extension headers. Instead of a single Protocol field, IPv6 allows for multiple extension headers to be used, which can carry information about the transport protocol and other features. This design improves efficiency and scalability, enabling better handling of various protocols and options without cluttering the main header.
To clarify, HTML is not actually a protocol in the sense that you're thinking; it's a language. Languages are of course protocols in themselves, but not in the commonly used sense in the IT field, which presumably is the nature of your question.Some protocols commonly used in the IT field are:HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)FTP (File Transfer Protocol)SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)SSH (Secure Shell)NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)This is of course only a small sample.
Timothy R. Field has written: 'Electromagnetic scattering from random media' -- subject(s): Stochastic processes, Random fields, Mathematical physics, Scattering, Electromagnetic waves
AutoNumber
that's a random punt number and unsignificant, the longest nfl punt was 98 yards... but the longest field goal was 63 yards by Jason elam
NTP is an acronym for Network Time Protocol. NTP is a network protocol for clock synchronization. It was developed before 1985 and is one of the oldest network protocols still being used.