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Commercial banks are guaranteed by the state not to fail because they take deposits from the customers. Investment banks have nothing to do with the individual customer. They don't take or lend deposit. they deal a lot in securities activities which is very risky business. You could win or lose a lot.

Most or all commercial banks now have an investment banking arm or department which risks or endangers the deposits of customers if their deals go sour. If things go bad, the commercial bank is guaranteed by the state not to fail so they will pump money into that bank, i.e taxpayers money. This is all because the investment arm of this bank blew all the banks money in its risky bet. Therefore an investment bank should be separate from commercial.

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Q: Why separate commercial and investment banks?
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