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A spectrometer can provide absorbance information in a number of ways.. For example transmissivity can be given as a percentage value. The absorbance is often represented on a log scale. It may be calculated by:

A = -log10(I/I0)

Since incident light intensity must be greater than detected light intensity, Absorbance technically can't be negative.

However, a spectrometer must be zeroed before each use to provide a baseline. If a material which is contaminated or otherwise inappropriate is used to zero the spectrometer, it may give a bad baseline, and thus a sample may appear to give negative absorbance. The 'blank' which was used to zero the spectrometer would have had higher absorptivity than the sample.

Another instance in which you may get negative absorption could be fluorescence. If your material is excited by light, it can emit light at a different frequency. Detecting at this frequency may produce negative absorption. Similarly, 'upconversion' by certain porphyrins may also cause emission at certain wavelengths.

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