Strees decreases after the plastic range because the material has releived the strees through movement.
The secant modulus is the total stress or strain on an object as described by a stress-strain graph. The tangent modulus is the marginal strain.
To find the proportional limit on a stress-strain graph, locate the point where the graph transitions from a straight line to a curve. This point represents the maximum stress at which the material behaves elastically, meaning it returns to its original shape after the stress is removed.
The strain vs stress graph shows how a material responds to mechanical loading. It reveals that as stress increases, strain also increases, but not necessarily in a linear manner. The relationship between strain and stress can vary depending on the material's properties and behavior under different loading conditions.
In a stress-strain graph, hard materials have the steepest graph, owing to having the highest young modulus. This is because Hard materials resist a deformation, wether elastic or plastic. So initially the steepest graph in a stress-strain graph is the strongest.Tough materials withstand force, but they do not resist the deformation. The special thing in tough materials is that they can take in a lot of elastic potential energy. In a stress-strain graph, a Tough material has the highest area under curve.A material can be tough without having being hard. A material that is hard is not necessarily tough.
for a perfect elastic body the stress strain graph is always linear, meaning stress is always proportional to the strain through a constant i.e., the young's modulus of elasticity which is proportional to the slope of the linear property of the stress strain graph. if a body is ideally plastic it means to have infinite linear line from the centre of the stress strain graph. A linear line like this could have any slope=tan θ. this linear line could have any angle meaning any slope can values between 1 and 0 implying that young's modulus could be any value.
Fracture point
An infinite amount... for any given Strain, there is a corresponding Stress value. To see what I mean, plot a Stress Strain graph in excel using 10 sets of values, then do another using 20... the one with 20 has a smoother curve, see where I'm coming from?
in any graph on horizontal axis we keep the independent variable and on vertical axis the dependent variable. similarly in stress strain diagram the strain is independent variable and stress is dependent variable so due to this reason strain is kept on x-axis and stress is kept on y-axis.
Follow the graph's positive slope (across the first quadrant) until the graph is no longer linear. The yield strength is determined to be the last point (with concern given to the stress value) on the linear section. After this point the graph is irregular because the material has failed to a point of no return and can no longer handle the load (stress).
draw a line vertical from where strain is equal to 2.5%. where it hits your stress vs. strain curve, draw a line from there to the origin the slope of that line is your Es or secant modulus
It is the point at which the stress-strain graph of a material deviates from being a straight line. It is the point at which a material stops obeying Hooke's Law
The stress vs strain graph shows how a material responds to applied force. The slope of the graph indicates the material's stiffness or elasticity. A steeper slope means the material is more rigid, while a shallower slope indicates more flexibility. The area under the curve represents the material's toughness or ability to absorb energy before breaking. The graph can also show the material's yield point, ultimate strength, and breaking point, providing insight into its overall behavior under stress.