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New Zealand experiences about 300 earthquakes of Richter 4 to 4.9 each year, (on average); and an average of two in the range Richter 6 to 6.9.

There is a huge difference in the distribution of Deep and Shallow earthquakes, and this is illustrated by graphs in the website of gns.cri.nz.

Of course, the shallow earthquakes have a very much greater effect on structures.

The very deep earthquakes are commonly in Fiordland, where the population is very low. The deep earthquakes in both islands are strongly associated with the subduction of the Pacific plate under the Australian Plate in the north; and the subduction of the Australian plate under the Pacific Plate in the South.

As far as deep earthquakes are concerned, there is a quiet zone where these patterns cross over, and this raises the Southern Alps.

New Zealand straddles the boundary between these two plates. The Alpine Fault in the South Island may be an extension of a transcurrent fault associated with the Mid Ocean Ridge sea floor spreading in the south Pacific.

This fault continues through New Zealand, emerging as the Hikurangi trench, which becomes the Tonga Trench further north again.

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14y ago

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