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Q: Why the uppermost part of the mantle exists in a solid state?
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What is the state of matter of rock within the stiffer mantle?

solid


What is the state of matter in the upper mantle?

solid


What is the difference between the crust and the mantle?

The crust is referred to as the outer skin of the planet, where all life as we know it exists. There are two types of crust--continental, which is granitic in composition, and oceanic, which is basaltic in composition. The depth of the crust varies from about 0-40 miles, and is composed mainly of silicate rich rock.The mantle extends from the boundary with the crust, to a depth of around 1800 miles, making it Earth's most massive layer. The uppermost layer is a brittle solid and is attached to the crust. Directly underneath the crust and uppermost mantle lies the asthenosphere, where hot solid rock is in a plastic-like state, able to move long distances on geologic time scales. This plasticity decreases with depth as the lithostatic pressure increases toward the boundary with the core. Chemically, the mantle differs from the crust in that the rock is ultramafic (very high in iron and magnesium) compared to the more silica rich rock of the crust. Temperature also increases with depth (geothermal gradient), and therefore temperatures in the mantle are significantly higher than in the crust.


What is the state of matter of the Earth's upper mantle?

The Earth's upper mantle is composed of solid rock that flows through liquid rock, also known as lava.


Is the ozone layer of earth a solid liquid or gas?

Ozone is O3. Like oxygen but three atoms together. It is a gas and is important in filtering light rays. The ozone layer has the usual atmospheric constituents, 78% nitrogen, nearly 21% oxygen, (argon and more), almost no water vapor, and 9 ppm of ozone at peak value. And yes, they are gases at even the very cold temperatures to be found there.