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A transformer is designed to operate with an AC supply voltage, not DC -in fact, it cannot operate with a DC supply voltage.

Opposition to the flow of alternating current is made up of resistance and reactance. Resistance depends upon the length, cross-sectional area, and resistivity of the transformer winding conductor. Reactance depends upon the inductance of the transformer winding and the frequency of the supply voltage.

Because a transformer winding is highly inductive, its reactance is very much larger than its resistance, and is more than sufficient to limit the AC current to a value that will not overheat the winding conductor. However, if you supply the transformer with a DC voltage that is equivalent in value to its AC rated voltage, the low value of resistance will allow a very large DC current to flow -large enough, probably, to overheat the conductor insulation, possibly causing it to break down and cause severe damage to the transformer.

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