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Why were the S bacteria not the R bacteria virulent?
The S bacteria are surrounded by a capsule, so it is not engulfed by the host's white blood cells. That means that it is able to proliferate and spread. The R bacteria lack the capsule (like the mutant S bacteria), so the white blood cells are able to detect and eliminate them.
Are bacteria able to digest agar?
Most bacteria are not able to digest agar directly because they lack the enzymes required to break down the complex sugars in agar. However, some bacteria, such as certain species of marine bacteria, have the ability to produce enzymes that can degrade agar into simpler sugars that they can then metabolize.
Do bacteria require oxygen to grow?
No, bacteria do not always require oxygen to grow. Some bacteria are able to grow and thrive in environments without oxygen, a process known as anaerobic growth.
Is bacteria unicellular or multicellular?
Bacteria are unicellular organisms, meaning they consist of a single cell. Each bacterial cell is complete and able to perform all the necessary functions for survival and reproduction.
Why cant bacteria break down agarose?
Agarose is a complex polysaccharide that has a structure that bacteria lack the necessary enzymes to break down. Bacteria typically lack the specific enzymes required to degrade the agarose molecule effectively.
Who discovered penciline?
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. He noticed that a mold called Penicillium notatum was able to kill bacteria, leading to the development of the first antibiotic.
What world event inspired Sir Alexander Fleming to conduct his research experiments?
Sir Alexander Fleming was inspired to conduct his research experiments on penicillin after observing the antibacterial properties of mold while studying staphylococci bacteria during World War I. He noticed that a mold called Penicillium notatum was able to inhibit the growth of the bacteria, leading to his discovery of penicillin as an antibiotic.
Who discovered pennicillin?
Bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin in 1928. The concept of bacteria had been around since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first described it in 1683, it wasn't until the late nineteenth century that Louis Pasteur confirmed that bacteria caused diseases. However, though they had this knowledge, no one had yet been able to find a chemical that would kill harmful bacteria but also not harm the human body.
What are some unintended events that turned out positive?
Alexander Fleming unintentionally discovered Penicillin when he found an uncovered petri dish of Staphylococcus bacteria. Many of the bacteria were killed by the mold culture on the dish. This mold was discovered to be able to effective against several diseases.
Why was Alexander Fleming so important?
Alexander Fleming was a doctor and bacteriologist who discovered penicillin, receiving the Nobel Prize in 1945.Penicillin was the first antibiotic we ever had. His discovery was accidental but he was able to see the process behind it. He noticed that, on a plate used in Microbiology labs, that there was mold that wasn't supposed to be there. He also noticed that there was space around the mold and the bacteria growing there. The mold was making something that prevented the bacteria from growing any closer.When he studied that clear area, a product made by the mold was what prevented the bacteria from growing. The mold was Penicillin notatum. The product was called penicillin.
Auto biography of Alexander Fleming?
Alexander Fleming Biography / Autobiography / Memoir resourcesFull Name: Sir Alexander FlemingDate of Birth: August 6, 1881Place of Birth: Ayrshire, ScotlandDied: March 11, 1955Place of Death: London , EnglandClassification: Scientists & ThinkersShort Biography of Alexander FlemingWith his almost accidental discovery of Penicillin and the resulting millions of lives saved from its practical use, Alexander Fleming's work has gone down in history as one the most significant contributions to all mankind.Born in Scotland, Alexander Fleming was able to attend medical school at Saint Mary's Hospital in London. In 1906, he became a doctor and did so well in school that he was invited to study to be a surgeon. He declined the offer in order to work under the school's research department to work on vaccines and immunology. With World War I on the rise, Alexander Fleming became captain of the Army Medical Corps as he worked on the battlefields of Western France. After the war, he returned to St. Mary's where he became a lecturer and continued researching bacteriology.What sparked Alexander's curiosity the most was why antiseptics couldn't be used to treat deep wounds. He noticed that soldiers treated with them were worse off than if they hadn't used anything at all. He worked to promote the use of antiseptics only on minor scrapes and cuts. He knew that deeper wounds had a high chance of infection. He theorized that something else was needed to help fight bad bacteria, while preserving the good bacteria, namely lysozyme.Alexander wasn't known to be the tidiest of men, even in his laboratory and upon returning from vacation, he discovered most of his dishes had been overtaken with fungi. However, upon closer examination of one dish, he noticed there were no fungi around its brim. Interested in what would have prevented the bacteria growth, he took a sample from the small dish and discovered that a bacteria he called penicillin had prevented the spread of the other bacteria. Elated, he decided to have other researches help him with his experiments. Not sure whether they would be able to reproduce the penicillin in the laboratory, not to mention for mass production, Fleming never thought his discovery would go as far.It was the work of Howard Florey, a prominent scientist at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, who decided to research Fleming's discoveries further. With the help of Ernst Chain, they were able to isolate the penicillin in hopes they would be able to make enough pure samples to begin their tests on small animals. It worked and they began seeing the dramatic effects penicillin had on even the worst infections.Through their experiments, Fleming realized the newfound drug would have to be used in high doses and for an extended amount of time. If not, the infecting bacteria would become resistant to the first antibiotic. In 1945, Fleming, Chain, and Florey were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Medicine.
Who discovered peniciliin?
Alexander FlemingAlexander Fleming (1881-1955) discovered(not invented) the antibiotic effects of the mold in 1928. He was able to extract the chemicals the mold creates that attacks bacteria.
What is a word that means not able to be pleased?
Unsatisfiable
Where was the penicillin discovered?
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by the Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally when he was conducting experiments in his laboratory. He noticed that microbes in some of his cultures were killed off by the growth of Penicillium mold. He was able to extract the effective substances and "penicillin" became the first dedicated antibiotic drug.
How were the effects of penicillin on bacteria discovered?
Through lots of trial and error plus a healthy dose of experimentation. Scientists have known about the effects of mold on bacteria for hundreds of years but couldn't find a way to definitively prove which molds were acting on which bacteria. In 1928 Sir Alexander Fleming noticed a halo shaped ring of bacteria growing around a spot of mold in a petri dish but the bacteria couldn't get close enough to the mold to eat it. He theroized something in the mold was killing off the bacteria as they tried to approach it. He grew a pure culture of the mold and found it was called penecillum notatum. It was from this mold he was able to extract pure penecillin.
Are bacteria able to change to a different type of bacteria?
No! because bacteria is its type of bacteria and no matter what it will not change!
How long have antibiotics been invented?
The first observations that penicillium mold killed bacteria was in 1874. Sir Alexander Fleming identified penicillin as the chemical produced by penicillium mold that killed bacteria in 1928. He was able to separate small quantities of penicillin. Ernst Chain, Howard Florey and Edward Abraham succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942 for the Allied military, but it did not become available outside the Allied military before 1945. However the rapid development of antibiotic resistance due to antibiotic misuse has resulted in penicillin and many other antibiotics now being ineffective on most bacteria. There is only one remaining antibiotic (vancomycin) to which no bacteria have developed any resistance!
