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George Washington Carver usually gets trotted out for the dog and pony show during Black History Month, where well-meaning but ignorant people make all kinds of laughable claims about him.

Let's get a couple of the more common ones out of the way right now.

  • GWC did not discover the peanut (they've been known since prehistory).
  • GWC did not invent peanut butter (probably ditto).

What he did undeniably do is popularize a lot of products and/or recipes based on peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes. (Unfortunately, for a scientist, his record-keeping was frankly abysmal, and it's not clear how many of these he actually "invented" and how many he simply collected from other people and distributed over a wider range.)

His goal was to provide alternatives to cotton farming. Cotton was a valuable crop and had come to dominate agriculture in the southern United States. Carver knew this wasn't sustainable; having an entire region dependent on a single crop meant that the introduction of a new pest preying on that crop, or a bad growing year for that crop, had the potential for truly devastating results, especially for poor farmers who couldn't afford the losses. There were also economic factors; if everyone's growing the same crop, then there's lots of it and that drives the price down. If there are four crops, each with about 25% of the cultivated land, then the supply of each is lower and each farmer gets more money for the same amount of his crop. Even better if he's raising two or more crops himself, because a bad year for cotton might be a good year for, say, peanuts or vice versa, evening things out a bit. It's also a little harder for a cotton pest to spread quickly if the next field over is soybeans than it is if the next field over is also cotton.

To that end, he attempted to show how other crops that would grow in the southern US could be used in the hopes of driving the demand for those crops up so that southern farmers would consider switching over (at least partially) from cotton to, say, peanuts.

To learn more about George Washington Carver, follow the related link below.

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11y ago

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