Yes. Despite his quarrels with the Pope, and his removal of the English Church from Rome's jurisdiction, and some minor changes in religious practices, Henry remained Catholic in his religious practices until the day he died.
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The Renaissance fostered a spirit of innovation and creativity in art, science, and literature, leading to advancements in areas such as anatomy, astronomy, and engineering. The Reformation challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, leading to changes in religious practices and the rise of new Christian denominations. Both movements contributed to the growth of humanism, emphasizing the importance of individual agency, reason, and critical thinking in society.
The Renaissance encouraged critical thinking, humanism, and a focus on individualism and questioning traditional beliefs. These ideas influenced the Reformation by inspiring thinkers like Martin Luther to challenge the authority of the Catholic Church and advocate for reform in religious practices. Additionally, the increased accessibility of knowledge and ideas during the Renaissance helped spread Protestant beliefs and spark religious change across Europe.
The Protestant Reformation reflected Humanism by emphasizing individual interpretation of religious texts, promoting education as a means to deepen spiritual understanding, and encouraging critical thinking and questioning of traditional religious practices. Humanist ideas such as the importance of personal conscience and direct engagement with religious sources contributed to the reform movement challenging the authority of the Catholic Church.
Erasmus focused the attention of Renaissance scholars on religious and moral issues, rather than art and literature, giving rise to the Reformation.
Usually operas are not based on religious themes. You may be thinking of oratorios.
Religious discrimination can start due to prejudice, stereotypes, or biases that individuals or groups hold against a particular religion or its followers. It can also be fueled by ignorance, fear, or misinformation about certain religious beliefs or practices. Additionally, historical conflicts or tensions between different religious groups can perpetuate discriminatory attitudes and behaviors.
There are a number of people who are known for the critical thinking that they applied to theology and religious thought. I will mention one of them, Christopher Hitchens.
The Catholic Church teaches that Melchizedek was an early representation of the Christ. He was the King of (Jeru)Salem and a righteous priest.
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Martin Luther shared ideas with humanist scholars such as the importance of individual interpretation of religious texts, the need for reform within the Catholic Church, and the belief in the power of education and critical thinking.
In general terms, 'religious thinking' is any kind of thought-process that is guided by a religious commitment of a significant sort: one engages in reasoning with religious principles and goals kept in view at all times. In the context of World War I, some 'religious thinkers' reasoned that being involved in war was not justifiable -- on the grounds of faith.