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The backup crew for Apollo 11 was James Lovell (CDR), Fred Haise (LMP) and Ken Mattingly (CMP). They later became the prime crew for Apollo 13, though Mattingly was removed from the Apollo 13 crew a few days before launch due to exposure to measles. Jack Swigert, Apollo 13 backup CMP, replaced him. Mattingly later filled what would likely have been Swigert's originally-planned seat on Apollo 16.
A few weeks earlier Thomas K. Mattingly got measles and was grounded. Astronaut Jack Swigert took his place.
T means the Time of launch -- when the launch is planned to happen. T minus is the number of seconds before the rocket is to launch. T minus four seconds and counting means it is four seconds in the sequence of event before launch will occur and progressing toward that launch. T minus four seconds and holding means it is four seconds before launch in the sequence of events that precede launch and the progress toward launch has stopped. The hold/delay can be most any length of time, but once counting begins again it will still be four seconds until launch -- that is, they pick up where they left off and continue toward launch.There are both planned holds (to give everyone time to evaluate things) and unplanned holds when something is wrong. After launch it becomes T plus so many seconds. Actions during launch happen so many seconds after launch. For example, on a Space Shuttle launch, the Solid Rocket Boosters will separate from the Shuttle at T plus so many seconds.
Astronaut training takes years before an individual is selected for a particular mission. Astronauts prepare for that launch day with a series of medical tests to ensure they are healthy for the launch and are expected to stay healthy through the mission. They then begin to acclimate themselves to a new time schedule based on launch time. They spend the final day or two at the Kennedy Space Center in simple crew quarters and have a meal together before suiting up several hours before launch.
Apollo 1 did not launch. It caught fire during a training routine weeks before the scheduled launch date.
The backup crew for Apollo 11 was James Lovell (CDR), Fred Haise (LMP) and Ken Mattingly (CMP). They later became the prime crew for Apollo 13, though Mattingly was removed from the Apollo 13 crew a few days before launch due to exposure to measles. Jack Swigert, Apollo 13 backup CMP, replaced him. Mattingly later filled what would likely have been Swigert's originally-planned seat on Apollo 16.
No, the backup crew of a space mission is in training and preparing well before the launch. If something happens to a primary crewmember before launch, the backup person may take his place, or the entire mission may be rescheduled.
The 3 astronauts who flew on Apollo 13 were Jim Lovell (Commander), Fred Haise (Lunar Module Pilot), and Jack Swigert (Command Module Pilot). Swigert replaced Thomas "Ken" Mattingly 3 days before the launch of Apollo 13 when it was discovered that the son of Charlie Duke, the backup, had caught the measles. Mattingly had not had the measles before, so he was replaced on the flight by Swigert. Apollo 13 was Swigert's only flight. He resigned from NASA in 1977. In 1982, he ran a successful campaign for House Representative from the state of Colorado. Unfortunately, he died of bone cancer 8 days before he was to be sworn in. Lovell and Haise are still alive.
A few weeks earlier Thomas K. Mattingly got measles and was grounded. Astronaut Jack Swigert took his place.
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T means the Time of launch -- when the launch is planned to happen. T minus is the number of seconds before the rocket is to launch. T minus four seconds and counting means it is four seconds in the sequence of event before launch will occur and progressing toward that launch. T minus four seconds and holding means it is four seconds before launch in the sequence of events that precede launch and the progress toward launch has stopped. The hold/delay can be most any length of time, but once counting begins again it will still be four seconds until launch -- that is, they pick up where they left off and continue toward launch.There are both planned holds (to give everyone time to evaluate things) and unplanned holds when something is wrong. After launch it becomes T plus so many seconds. Actions during launch happen so many seconds after launch. For example, on a Space Shuttle launch, the Solid Rocket Boosters will separate from the Shuttle at T plus so many seconds.
Astronaut training takes years before an individual is selected for a particular mission. Astronauts prepare for that launch day with a series of medical tests to ensure they are healthy for the launch and are expected to stay healthy through the mission. They then begin to acclimate themselves to a new time schedule based on launch time. They spend the final day or two at the Kennedy Space Center in simple crew quarters and have a meal together before suiting up several hours before launch.
Apollo 1 did not launch. It caught fire during a training routine weeks before the scheduled launch date.
(C) china was successful in their first satellite launch, which occured before the United States could launch their first satellite.
No, they didn't, they had a slight romantic relationship but Launch disappeared before anything could happen, Tien was never really interested anyway.