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From 1762 to 1800, the Spanish had assumed control of French lands of Louisiana, including the Mississippi River and New Orleans, which the US needed for trade. And there were disputed regions of West Florida, which Spain had regained from Britain.

Pinckney's Treaty (1795) defined the boundaries between US and Spanish territories, which included ceding to the US some areas north of Spanish Florida (coastal Gulf of Mexico).

As it was not part of the Louisiana Purchase (1803), the US did not annex West Florida until later (1810-1813) and it was eventually divided between the states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

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