The civilians needed to work for the war effort by making ammunition, uniforms, and providing food for the soldiers and sailors. They also needed to buy war bonds to help finance the war and donate metal to make weapons.
World War II
Yes there were civilian passenger ships that traveled across the Atlantic Ocean during World War 2. Unfortunately during this time there were many civilian passenger ships that never reached their destinations due to disaster striking during their sail.
No. The British had too much will to fight and resist. No matter what the Nazi's did they could not break the English.
It was pretty much unwavering.
1812
Lay waste to the richest farmland, make the punishment hurt, starve the Confederate armies, shatter civilian morale, and demonstrate to the world that the Confederacy is on its last legs.
The canning of food products is equivalent to the preservation of food stuffs which could be used by both the military and civilian personnel .
By destroying farms, and so driving the Confederate armies closer to starvation. By destroying Southern civilian morale and the will to fight on. By raising Northern morale, and helping Lincoln win re-election. By demonstrating to the whole world that the Confederacy was too weak to survive.
About 48.5 Million Civilian Deaths occurred during World War 2. This is 65-66% out of total deaths during World War 2.
It was important for British morale to breach the Atlantic Wall and fight in Europe again
That varied at different times during the war of course. It was low after the defeat in France and high after D-Day. I think it is safe to say though that there was always an absolute determination to win the war and that that determination probably got stronger the blacker things looked.
As far as military the USSR with around 6 million. Civilian China, with 7 million.