Apostle is the Greek word for 'messenger', and Jesus gave the twelve the initial job of spreading the Gospel and literally being His messengers.
The word "apostle" means "emissary" in Greek.
Thomas
These were called both disciples and apostles.
Yes the apostles did teach and heal in the name of Jesus Christ.
the Apostle Paul who was not one of the original 12 Apostles and the Apostle John, as well as the other Apostles and disciples, missionaries and church planters.
They are important as they went all over the world and spread christianity.
As far as I can tell Jesus was given that name at His circumcision. In Greek, the nameis Sotos, meaning 'Saviour'.
Apostle
Matthias was the replacement for Judas Iscariot.
When we speak of the 12 apostles we speak of the unique group who were eyewitnesses of all that Jesus did as well as earwitnesses of what he said. That makes their writings unique. That makes their role unique. It's why Jesus said to them that they would be his witnesses (Luke 24:48)
Have no idea
12 disciples of Jesus Christ
Simon was renamed Peter by Jesus during his ministry. See Matthew 16:18, Mark 3:16, Luke 6:14.