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Each city had a limited tract of land and sea/river in which to grow food and catch fish to eat. And in a pre-TV era, each family had many children and so a rapidly expanding population to feed. So the surplus populations were sent of in ships to seize land and establish new cities, which themselves often became overpopulated and sent out their own colonies. The surplus was also augmented by troublemakers who were disposed of in this manner.

Eventually they spread as far west as today's Spain, and east around the eastern Mediterranean and Black Seas.

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10y ago

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