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From 1800-1935 US Supreme Court occupied various quarters in the US Capitol Building, which is home to Congress. In 1929, then-Chief Justice William Howard Taft successfully argued before Congress that the Supreme Court should occupy its own building to formally demonstrate its existence as an independent branch of government. In addition, the Capitol facilities were inadequate because they lacked private chambers (offices) for the justices' use, forcing them to work in their own homes when writing opinions.

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