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It was a Propaganda victory for the North, and it helped Lincoln to win re-election.

In strictly campaign terms, it was not a triumph. Grant had given Sherman no orders to occupy Atlanta. He had been told simply to destroy the Army of Tennessee, and when that army escaped from Atlanta into the mountains, Sherman was not confident of being able to pursue and destroy it, while his supply-line was so vulnerable.

So he occupied the city, to give his men a rest, while he reconnoitred the surrounding area, in which there were very few Confederate troops. That was what gave him the idea for the March to the Sea - which is known to have shortened the war by months, at almost nil casualties.

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Q: Why was the capturing of atlanta a key victory in the civil war?
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