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Carthage was the empire destroyed as a result of Rome's invasion
Mehmed ll was ottoman sultan, he defeated the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
Saw an opportunity to neutralize the Byzantine empire and diverted their army to Constantinople.
First Grenades were used by the Byzantine empire (Greeks) in the 8th century. You can also find them in the Nation Historic Museum of Athens
The Crusades began soon after the Seljuk Turks threatened the Byzantine Empire, a Christian nation and a key ally of Western Europe. The Seljuk Turks' conquests in Anatolia and their capture of Jerusalem sparked a call for the Crusades to reclaim these territories.
Seljuk Turks
The Byzantine Empire was destroyed.
The Byzantine Empire had been growing steadily smaller and weaker for centuries, but it was finally defeated altogether by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
The Seljuk Turks were a large and threatening force in the Middle East during the Middle Ages, and the Byzantine Empire suffered a crippling defeat at their hands at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. Taking advantage of this victory and the ensuing turmoil within the Empire, the Turks were able to seize most of Asia Minor and remained a threat to the Byzantines for the remainder of the Empire's existence. It was, in fact, a Turkish nation that dealt the death blow to the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
The Seljuk Turks used Nicaea as the capital of their Seljuk Empire beginning in 1081; in 1097, Nicaea fell back into Byzantine control. In 1204, after the Fourth Crusade, the Laskaris family made Nicaea the capital of their Empire of Nicaea. This empire lasted until 1261.
Alexios I Komnenos, Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, called upon Western European Christians to help him defeat the Seljuk Turks in what eventually became the First Crusade.
In the Seljuk Empire, the vizier was a type of prime minister, of the most famous of Seljuk Sultans, Malik Shah.
The Arab conquest of Byzantine Syria, Phoenicia (Lebanon), Palestine and Egypt contributed the decline of the Byzantine Empire. So did the conquest of much of what is now Turkey by the Seljuk Turks and the conquest of much of the Balkan Peninsula (southeastern Europe) by the Slavs. The Arabs and the Turks were and still are Muslims.
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The Seliuq Turk's invasion on Asia Minor was so harmful because this region was an important source of food and soldiers for the empire.
shahs in the Great Seljuk Empire Sultans in Seljuk Sultanate of Rum Beg in the early times of the Great Seljuk Empire (such as Tugrul Beg, Cagri Beg, Arslan Israil Beg etc.)