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Israel.
Palestine
The Jewish nation is known as Israel. In past history present day Israel was known as Palestine; in Old Testament times Israel was the northern half of present day Israel, the southern half was known as Judea.
Because the Jewish state does not allow it, and the USA, is with Israel.
They first called it Canaan, then the Land of Israel, then Israel & Judea, then it was united back to Israel, then The Romans renamed it Palestine, then the Modern Jews named it the State of Israel.
Israel was created in 1948 from the British Mandate of Palestine.
These countries all border ISRAEL.
Great Britain, which captured Palestine from the Ottoman Empire in World War 1.
The Palestinian Territories consist of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in Israel; the UN refers to them as the "Occupied Palestinian Territories' and are a priority of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Israel and the State of Palestine are major enemies. They have been conflicting since the formation of the Jewish state in 1948. Israel and Palestine have been involved in several wars, all of which Israel has won. Israel is a greater military power than Palestine, which is why Israel has won more wars and killed more Palestinians in the process. However, the Israelis are only defending their nation. Israel has occupied Palestine for almost sixty years. Israel has the right to protect itself against attacks, and has a strict military policy to protect itself because it is surrounded by enemy nations. The current government of Palestine is regarded as a terrorist organization by many countries, such as Israel and the United States, which is why Israel is especially cautious.
There is only one official country involved. It is an internal matter for the nation of Israel between the Isreali government and the radical organization, Hamas, that is headquartered within the Gaza region, or what is known as Palestine.
-- Lebanon -- Syria -- Jordan -- Egypt (Of course, this answer ignores that Israel borders the partially-recognized country of Palestine and the unrecognized country of Hamas-Controlled Gaza.)