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The senate was afraid of the extent the power of Julius Caesar. Militarily, with his conquest of Gaul he became the commander of seven legions (army corps). This was a force which was very difficult to match, especially in term of quality. Many of Caesar's soldiers were battle hardened veterans of the Gallic Wars.

Politically, Caesar was tremendously popular with the middle and lower classes of Rome. This was because he was a popularis. The populares (plural) was a political faction which championed the cause of the poor and tried to introduce reforms to help them. It was opposed by the optimates, a conservative political faction which favoured the aristocracy and opposed reforms. The power base of the optimates was the senate. The optimates were unpopular with the masses because they opposed reform and they were seen as the representatives of an aristocracy which was seen as corrupt. Caesar was seen as the hero of ordinary people and the poor. His prestige had been further enhanced by his success in Gaul.

The senate was afraid that Caesar would use his armies and his popularity to seize power and to implement reforms.

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Clara Lebsack

Lvl 10
3y ago

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