The space shuttle was developed because the weight of satellites or payload required huge rockets. The shuttle main claim to fame is that it was also reusable. The only thing that is not recovered after launch is the liquid hydrogen fuel tank. The solid rockets on either side of the hydrogen tank burn out, separate, then fall to Earth. After the solid rocket separation the shuttles main engines continue to fire to get into orbit. When the fuel tank is separated it burns up in the atmosphere.
Canada has never sent a Space Shuttle into space.
Space Shuttle Discovery.
The space shuttle Discovery has flown the most times of all the space shuttle orbiters.
The first space shuttle sent into outer space was the Space Shuttle Columbia. It was launched on April 12, 1981, as part of the STS-1 mission.
atlantis
The last Space Shuttle to go into space and to the Space Station was Endeavour
Columbia was the first space shuttle sent into space on April 12, 1981, exactly 20 years to the day after Yuri Gagarin became the first man in space.
US
Shuttle STS 127
India has no space shuttles.
Columbia was the first shuttle in to orbit on April 13, 1981
Nasa needed more orbiters. This was the second shuttle built and was the first that was used for testing then converted to space flight. It was send into space for the same purpose as Challenger before it and the ones after it.