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Q: Why we determine Xd and Xq synchronous machine?
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Why slip test is carried on salient pole rotor alternator?

Objective:To determine the direct & quadrature axis reactances of a salientpolealternator.Apparatus:1. Two A.C voltmeters2. One A.C ammeter3. Rheostats4. A single throw triple pole switchTheory:The unsaturated values of Xd and Xq for a 3-phase synchronous machine may befound by applying low values of balanced voltage to its armature, and driving itsrotor mechanically at a speed differing slightly from the normal synchronous speed,the field circuit being open. The rotating armature m.m.f axis gradually changes, onaccount of the 'slip ' between coincidenc4 with the polar & interpolar axessuccessively. The reluctance of the magnetic circuit varies cyclically between anupper & a lower limit, and the armature current consequently changes in the reversesense. The ratios of applied voltage to armature current gives the synchronousreactances, using minimum ratio for Xq and maximum for Xd. Xd has the samevalue as would be obtained from the normal no load and short circuit tests.Procedure:1. A coupled D.C motor very near to synchronous speed runs the salient- polesynchronous machine. If the synchronous speed is 1500 rpm, the set is run at1750 rpm.2. The stator of the salient pole alternator is supplied from a low voltage (10-20Volts), 3 -phase supply. The supply frequency is more than 50 Hz as thesupplying alternator is run at 1750 rpm.3. The field is kept open and the maximum and minimum deflections in theammeter (to read the supply voltage) are read.4. Xd, Xq are calculated.Results:Xd = Maximum V/Minimum IXq = Minimum V/ Maximum IDiscussion:1. The alternator should not be run at exactly the synchronous speed, for theninstruments will give steady deflections. The stator voltage must be capable ofclose adjustment. The slip must be very small. Otherwise the measurements willbe in error on account of eddy currents in the pole faces or the damper windings.Page 2If in the experiment, the slip is very large, and cannot be adjusted to a smallervalue, he measurements are liable to error.2. The slip tends to pulsate because of fluctuation of torque with the relative polepositions with the result that there is a tendency for Xd to be underestimated


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