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African Americans were free in 1865 due to the new chapter in the American history that was opened as the Thirteenth Amendment, passed in January of 1865 and was implemented. It abolished slavery in the United States, and with the end of the war, four million African Americans were free.

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What has the author John Henderson Russell written?

John Henderson Russell has written: 'The free Negro in Virginia, 1619-1865' -- subject(s): Freedmen, Emancipation, African Americans, Legal status, laws, Slaves 'The first Negro in Virginia, 1619-1865' -- subject(s): African Americans


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PHILLIE


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In what respects had the living conditions of African Americans improved since 1865?

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